The Long Game

  1. 13.8 billion years ago, everything you will ever see fit inside a space smaller than an atom.

    This is how some of it became you.

  2. Then it began.

  3. For every billion particles of antimatter there were a billion and one of matter. They wiped each other out, but not completely. Everything that exists is the one left over.

    Nobody knows why there was one extra. Keep an eye on it.

  4. Gravity gathered the leftovers into hundreds of billions of galaxies. This is one of them, and it holds hundreds of billions of suns.

  5. Inside those suns, hydrogen was fused, step by step, into carbon, oxygen and iron.

    Carbon forms only through a narrow quirk in how its atoms hold energy. Without that quirk there would be almost no carbon, and no one here to notice.

  6. But the biggest stars could not hold on to what they made. They blew themselves apart and threw all of it into the dark.

  7. All of it followed a few laws and a handful of pure numbers, the same everywhere we have looked.

    Shift some of them by a few percent and stars would make far less of what you are built from. Nobody knows why they are these ones.

  8. They held. And around one ordinary sun, one rock settled at the distance where water stays liquid.

    With billions of planets, some were bound to. The harder puzzle was the settings that allowed any at all.

  9. On that rock, atoms from dead stars began linking into chains that could copy themselves.

    At least 3.5 billion years ago. Nobody yet knows how it started.

  10. Your copy of that chain is three billion letters long. About two meters of it is folded into almost every cell you have.

  11. You began as a single cell, just big enough to see. It split, and split again, and did not stop until there were about thirty trillion.

  12. Three weeks in, a flat sheet of those cells rolled into a tube and zipped itself shut. That tube became your spinal cord and your brain.

    Around the same days, some of your cells began to beat together. They haven’t stopped since.

  13. Then nerve cells reached out from it, each one feeling its way toward a muscle or a patch of skin. Nobody directed them. Each cell answered its neighbors.

  14. Some grew a meter long, a single cell running from the base of your spine to your toes. This wiring is why you can decide to move a finger, and it moves.

  15. Behind your eyes, 86 billion more wired themselves together. Some of them are reading this sentence.

  16. 7,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000

    You are about this many atoms, more than there are stars in the observable universe, arranged so that they can look back.

  17. And yet, it feels like something to be you.

    No equation we have says it should.

  18. And so, for as long as there have been people, they have gathered under this same sky and asked why.

  19. Around fires like this one, we told each other stories. We have never stopped.

    Every culture looked up at the same stars and saw its own stories in them.

  20. Go back far enough, and everyone alive today has the very same ancestors.

    Your family tree doubles every generation. About forty generations back, it has more places in it than people have ever lived.

  21. For at least 67,800 years, we have been leaving the same message.

  22. We raised stones to frame the rising sun.

    At Stonehenge, sunrise on the longest day still lines up with the stones, 4,500 years after they were raised.

  23. We learned to write, and our words began to outlive us.

    The first writing appeared more than 5,000 years ago, in Mesopotamia and Egypt.

  24. Now we write in code. It still says the same thing.

  25. Look far enough out and the galaxies are strung into a web, the largest structure we know of.

  26. It looks strangely like the web of cells behind your eyes.

    Coincidence, or a clue? No one knows.

  27. Every answer we have found has opened a bigger question. So we are not near the end of discovery. We are at the very beginning.

  28. Every life becomes a story.

    Part of yours is already written.

  29. We may never find the last answer. But this moment is already here.

    Since you began watching, your heart has beaten about 70 times, and Earth has carried you 1,800 kilometers around the sun. You did not have to do a thing.

  30. So what will you do with this moment?

    Chess has a few pages of rules, yet more possible games than there are atoms in the observable universe. The rules only say what cannot happen. Everything else is up to the players.

  31. It took 13.8 billion years to set the board.

    All of it had to happen for you to be right here, right now.

  32. Your future isn't written yet. No one's is.

    The choice is yours. So make it a good one.

  33. What will you create with the time you have?

    A long life is about four thousand weeks. What you create echoes on into eternity.

  34. We all have something to add to this story. Leave your mark.

    You were here.

The Long Game · Sources

What we know, and what we don't

The facts in the film are measured or well established. The questions are still open. The hope in it is an argument, not a finding. Here is which is which.

  • The universe began hot and dense about 13.8 billion years agoMeasured
  • Matter outnumbered antimatter by about one part in a billionMeasured
  • The hydrogen in your body formed within the first second of the universe. The warm spark you follow through the film shows that; it is not one atom trackedEstablished
  • Carbon forms through an energy level Fred Hoyle predicted before anyone had measured itPredicted, then found · 1953
  • The speed of light, the strength of gravity and the other constants come out the same everywhere we have measured themMeasured
  • A shift of a few percent in the strength of the electric force would cut the carbon or oxygen made in stars many times overOne calculation · 2000
  • Many plants set their seeds and leaves at the golden angle, about 137.5 degrees, which is where the sunflower in the film comes fromObserved
  • The eight planets start where they really are on the day you watch, to within about a degree, seen from above the north, then time speeds up. Their distances and sizes are squeezed to fit one screenReal positions · not to scale
  • DNA copies itself by unzipping, each old strand taking a new partnerEstablished · 1958
  • Every human culture we know of tells stories, and different cultures drew different figures from the same starsDocumented
  • The constellations at the fire are drawn from real star positionsMapped
  • The carbon, oxygen and iron in your body were made in starsEstablished
  • A sheet of embryo cells rolls into the tube that becomes brain and spinal cordObserved
  • Your family tree doubles each generation: forty generations back it has about a trillion places, more than the roughly 117 billion people who have ever livedArithmetic
  • Go back a few thousand years and everyone alive today shares exactly the same ancestorsModelled · 2004
  • The oldest known hand stencil, on a cave wall on Muna Island in Indonesia, is at least 67,800 years oldDated · 2026
  • Stonehenge's great stones were raised about 4,500 years ago, lined up with sunrise on the longest dayEstablished
  • Writing appeared in Mesopotamia and Egypt more than 5,000 years agoEstablished
  • Galaxies are strung along filaments around vast empty voidsMapped
  • Earth carries you around the sun at about 30 kilometers a secondMeasured
  • The heartbeat count assumes a resting rate of about 67 a minuteEstimate
  • A long human life, about 77 years, is about four thousand weeksArithmetic
  • Why there was one extra particle of matterOpen question
  • How life beganOpen question
  • Why the constants of nature have the values they doOpen question
  • Why any of it is feltOpen question
  • Whether the cosmic web and the brain look alike for any deeper reasonOpen question
  • Why there is anything at allOpen question
  • Discovery has no end in sight, and whatever the laws of nature allow is waiting to be imaginedAn argument · David Deutsch
  • That what you create echoes on after youA hope

Keep pulling the thread

  • David Deutsch, The Beginning of Infinity (2011). Why every answer opens new questions, and why that is good news. About the book
  • Carl Sagan, Pale Blue Dot (1994). Our place in the universe, seen from very far away. About the book
  • Federico Faggin, Irreducible (2024). One bold answer: that consciousness comes first. The book this piece grew out of. Publisher's page
  • Anil Seth, Being You (2021). A very different answer: that experience comes from being a living body. About the book
  • Franco Vazza and Alberto Feletti, The Quantitative Comparison Between the Neuronal Network and the Cosmic Web (2020). Two physicists measure the resemblance. Read the paper
  • Mario Livio, The Golden Ratio (2002). Where the number really turns up in nature, and where the stories about it outrun the facts.
  • Charles and Ray Eames, Powers of Ten (1977). Nine minutes from a picnic blanket to the edge of the known universe and back down into a single atom. About the film
  • Johan Huizinga, Homo Ludens (1938). The case that play is older than culture.
  • Oliver Burkeman, Four Thousand Weeks (2021). On having a finite amount of time, and choosing what to do with it.